"ciapać" meaning in All languages combined

See ciapać on Wiktionary

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/, [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Far Masovian), [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Podegrodzie), [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Zagórze)
Rhymes: -apat͡ɕ Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Compare Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ). Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|id=plod}}, {{onom|pl}} Onomatopoeic, {{ncog|ru|ча́пать}} Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ) Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} ciapać impf Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ciapać [infinitive], ciapię [present, singular], ciapiemy [plural, present], ciapiesz [present, singular], ciapiecie [plural, present], ciapie [present, singular, third-person], ciapią [plural, present, third-person], ciapie się [impersonal, present], ciapałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciapał [masculine, past, singular], ciapałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciapała [feminine, past, singular], ciapałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciapało [neuter, past, singular], ciapaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciapali [past, plural, virile], ciapałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciapałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapał [masculine, past, singular], ciapałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapała [feminine, past, singular], ciapałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapało [neuter, past, singular], ciapaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciapali [past, plural, virile], ciapałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciapał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciapała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciapało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciapali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciapano [impersonal, past], będę ciapał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciapać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciapała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciapać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciapało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciapać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciapali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciapać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciapał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciapać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciapała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciapać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciapało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciapać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciapali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciapać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciapał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciapała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciapało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciapali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciapać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciapać się [future, impersonal], ciapałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciapałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciapałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciapalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciapali [conditional, plural, virile], ciapałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciapałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciapałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciapałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciapalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciapali [conditional, plural, virile], ciapałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciapałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciapałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciapałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciapaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciapali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciapałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciapano by [conditional, impersonal], niech ciapię [imperative, singular], ciapmy [imperative, plural], ciap [imperative, singular], ciapcie [imperative, plural], niech ciapie [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ciapią [imperative, plural, third-person], ciapiący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciapiąca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ciapiące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ciapiący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ciapiące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciapiąc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciapanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive, colloquial) to plod, to trudge Tags: colloquial, imperfective, intransitive Synonyms: ciamkać, człapać
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-wAu904uR
  2. (intransitive, Zagórze)
    (intransitive, Zagórze, of weather) synonym of siąpić (“to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud”)
    Tags: imperfective, intransitive Synonyms: siąpić [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-kOCmGb5Y Categories (other): Zagórze Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish onomatopoeias, Zagórze Polish, Weather Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8 Disambiguation of Polish onomatopoeias: 29 42 29 Disambiguation of Zagórze Polish: 10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17 Disambiguation of Weather: 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
  3. (reflexive with się, colloquial) to slop, to squelch Tags: colloquial, imperfective, reflexive Synonyms: ciapciać się, ciaprać się, paciać się
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-StdiR4f4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ciapowaty [adjective], ciapa [noun], ciapek [noun]
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/, [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Far Masovian), [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Podegrodzie), [ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ] (note: Zagórze)
Rhymes: -apat͡ɕ Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *tępati, via Czech, Slovak or East Slavic. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|id=cut}}, {{der|pl|sla-pro|*tępati}} Proto-Slavic *tępati, {{bor|pl|cs|-}} Czech, {{bor|pl|sk|-}} Slovak, {{bor|pl|zle|-}} East Slavic Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf|pf=ciapnąć}} ciapać impf (perfective ciapnąć) Forms: ciapnąć [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], ciapać [infinitive], ciapię [present, singular], ciapiemy [plural, present], ciapiesz [present, singular], ciapiecie [plural, present], ciapie [present, singular, third-person], ciapią [plural, present, third-person], ciapie się [impersonal, present], ciapałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciapał [masculine, past, singular], ciapałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciapała [feminine, past, singular], ciapałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciapało [neuter, past, singular], ciapaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciapali [past, plural, virile], ciapałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciapałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapał [masculine, past, singular], ciapałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapała [feminine, past, singular], ciapałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciapało [neuter, past, singular], ciapaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciapali [past, plural, virile], ciapałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciapał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciapała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciapało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciapali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciapały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciapano [impersonal, past], będę ciapał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciapać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciapała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciapać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciapało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciapać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciapali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciapać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciapał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciapać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciapała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciapać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciapało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciapać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciapali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciapać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciapał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciapała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciapało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciapać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciapali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciapać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciapały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciapać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciapać się [future, impersonal], ciapałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciapałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciapałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciapalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciapali [conditional, plural, virile], ciapałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciapałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciapałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciapałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciapalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciapali [conditional, plural, virile], ciapałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciapałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciapał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciapałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciapała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciapałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciapało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciapaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciapali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciapałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciapały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciapano by [conditional, impersonal], niech ciapię [imperative, singular], ciapmy [imperative, plural], ciap [imperative, singular], ciapcie [imperative, plural], niech ciapie [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ciapią [imperative, plural, third-person], ciapiący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciapiąca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ciapiące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ciapiący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ciapiące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciapany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciapana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciapane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciapani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciapane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciapiąc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciapanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool Tags: colloquial, dialectal, imperfective, transitive Synonyms: dziabać
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-Gbr-Cn2i Categories (other): Far Masovian Polish, Far Masovian Polish, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Polish entries with etymon, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Zagórze Polish Disambiguation of Far Masovian Polish: 6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 3 5 3 38 38 3 4 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 10 3 35 35 2 3 10 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 6 9 6 31 31 4 6 8 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymon: 6 8 6 31 31 4 6 8 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8 Disambiguation of Zagórze Polish: 10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17
  2. (transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool
    (transitive, Far Masovian) to slowly chop a tree with an axe
    Tags: colloquial, dialectal, imperfective, transitive Synonyms: dziabać
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-ylMpOleS Categories (other): Far Masovian Polish, Far Masovian Polish, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Polish entries with etymon, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Zagórze Polish Disambiguation of Far Masovian Polish: 6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 3 5 3 38 38 3 4 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 10 3 35 35 2 3 10 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 6 9 6 31 31 4 6 8 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymon: 6 8 6 31 31 4 6 8 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8 Disambiguation of Zagórze Polish: 10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17
  3. (transitive, colloquial) to bite Tags: colloquial, imperfective, transitive Synonyms: dziabać, kąsać
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-Swb~XZyh
  4. (transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to nibble Tags: colloquial, dialectal, imperfective, transitive Synonyms: dziabać
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-1RhzZ-34 Categories (other): Far Masovian Polish, Far Masovian Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Zagórze Polish Disambiguation of Far Masovian Polish: 6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8 Disambiguation of Zagórze Polish: 10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17
  5. (transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze) synonym of strącać (“to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree”) Tags: imperfective, transitive Synonyms: strącać [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-ciapać-pl-verb-2AZWggft Categories (other): Podegrodzie Polish, Zagórze Polish, Podegrodzie Polish, Zagórze Polish Disambiguation of Podegrodzie Polish: 10 9 9 14 14 8 10 27 Disambiguation of Zagórze Polish: 10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "ciapowaty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciapa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciapek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "id": "plod"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ча́пать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic. Compare Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciapać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cia‧pać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cia‧pać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to plod, to trudge"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-wAu904uR",
      "links": [
        [
          "plod",
          "plod"
        ],
        [
          "trudge",
          "trudge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, colloquial) to plod, to trudge"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ciamkać"
        },
        {
          "word": "człapać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 42 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "pl:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ],
            [
              32,
              35
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This field is splashing so much mud.",
          "text": "Tak dzisiok ciapie na tym polu.",
          "translation": "This field is splashing so much mud.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "synonym of siąpić (“to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-kOCmGb5Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "siąpić",
          "siąpić#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "drizzle",
          "drizzle"
        ],
        [
          "rain",
          "rain"
        ],
        [
          "sleet",
          "sleet"
        ],
        [
          "splash",
          "splash"
        ],
        [
          "wet",
          "wet"
        ],
        [
          "mud",
          "mud"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, Zagórze)",
        "(intransitive, Zagórze, of weather) synonym of siąpić (“to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud”)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "siąpić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to slop, to squelch"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-StdiR4f4",
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "slop",
          "slop"
        ],
        [
          "squelch",
          "squelch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się, colloquial) to slop, to squelch"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ciapciać się"
        },
        {
          "word": "ciaprać się"
        },
        {
          "word": "paciać się"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Far Masovian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Podegrodzie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Zagórze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-apat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciapać"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "id": "cut"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tępati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tępati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "cs",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zle",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "East Slavic",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tępati, via Czech, Slovak or East Slavic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ciapnąć",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "ciapnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "ciapać impf (perfective ciapnąć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cia‧pać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cia‧pać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 3 38 38 3 4 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 10 3 35 35 2 3 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 9 6 31 31 4 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 6 31 31 4 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hit with a sharp tool"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-Gbr-Cn2i",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 3 38 38 3 4 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 10 3 35 35 2 3 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 9 6 31 31 4 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 6 31 31 4 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hit with a sharp tool",
        "to slowly chop a tree with an axe"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-ylMpOleS",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "slowly",
          "slowly"
        ],
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool",
        "(transitive, Far Masovian) to slowly chop a tree with an axe"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-Swb~XZyh",
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to bite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        },
        {
          "word": "kąsać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 6 22 22 5 27 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Far Masovian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 11 7 27 27 2 15 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to nibble"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-1RhzZ-34",
      "links": [
        [
          "nibble",
          "nibble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to nibble"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podegrodzie Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 9 9 14 14 8 10 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podegrodzie Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 9 14 14 8 10 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zagórze Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "synonym of strącać (“to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciapać-pl-verb-2AZWggft",
      "links": [
        [
          "strącać",
          "strącać#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "shake off",
          "shake off"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze) synonym of strącać (“to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "strącać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Far Masovian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Podegrodzie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Zagórze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-apat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciapać"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Far Masovian Polish",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Podegrodzie Polish",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish onomatopoeias",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Czech",
    "Polish terms borrowed from East Slavic languages",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Slovak",
    "Polish terms derived from Czech",
    "Polish terms derived from East Slavic languages",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Slovak",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/apat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/apat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "Zagórze Polish",
    "pl:Weather"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "ciapowaty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciapa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciapek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "id": "plod"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ча́пать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic. Compare Russian ча́пать (čápatʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciapać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cia‧pać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cia‧pać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plod, to trudge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plod",
          "plod"
        ],
        [
          "trudge",
          "trudge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, colloquial) to plod, to trudge"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ciamkać"
        },
        {
          "word": "człapać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs",
        "Polish terms with usage examples",
        "Zagórze Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ],
            [
              32,
              35
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This field is splashing so much mud.",
          "text": "Tak dzisiok ciapie na tym polu.",
          "translation": "This field is splashing so much mud.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "synonym of siąpić (“to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "siąpić",
          "siąpić#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "drizzle",
          "drizzle"
        ],
        [
          "rain",
          "rain"
        ],
        [
          "sleet",
          "sleet"
        ],
        [
          "splash",
          "splash"
        ],
        [
          "wet",
          "wet"
        ],
        [
          "mud",
          "mud"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, Zagórze)",
        "(intransitive, Zagórze, of weather) synonym of siąpić (“to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud”)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "to drizzle, to continuously rain, sleet; to splash with wet mud",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "siąpić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to slop, to squelch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "slop",
          "slop"
        ],
        [
          "squelch",
          "squelch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się, colloquial) to slop, to squelch"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ciapciać się"
        },
        {
          "word": "ciaprać się"
        },
        {
          "word": "paciać się"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Far Masovian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Podegrodzie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Zagórze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-apat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciapać"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Far Masovian Polish",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Podegrodzie Polish",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Czech",
    "Polish terms borrowed from East Slavic languages",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Slovak",
    "Polish terms derived from Czech",
    "Polish terms derived from East Slavic languages",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Slovak",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/apat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/apat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "Zagórze Polish",
    "pl:Weather"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "id": "cut"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tępati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tępati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "cs",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zle",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "East Slavic",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *tępati, via Czech, Slovak or East Slavic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ciapnąć",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapał",
          "ciapał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapała",
          "ciapała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciapało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapało",
          "ciapało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapali",
          "ciapali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciapały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciapały",
          "ciapały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciapać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciapać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciapały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapię",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciap",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciapią",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapiąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciapanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "ciapnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "ciapać impf (perfective ciapnąć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cia‧pać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cia‧pać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Far Masovian Polish",
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish dialectal terms",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hit with a sharp tool"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Far Masovian Polish",
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish dialectal terms",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hit with a sharp tool",
        "to slowly chop a tree with an axe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "slowly",
          "slowly"
        ],
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to hit with a sharp tool",
        "(transitive, Far Masovian) to slowly chop a tree with an axe"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to bite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        },
        {
          "word": "kąsać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Far Masovian Polish",
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish dialectal terms",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to nibble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nibble",
          "nibble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian) to nibble"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dziabać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Podegrodzie Polish",
        "Polish transitive verbs",
        "Zagórze Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "synonym of strącać (“to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strącać",
          "strącać#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "shake off",
          "shake off"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze) synonym of strącać (“to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "to shake off a piece of fruit from a tree",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "strącać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Far Masovian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Podegrodzie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕa.pat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Zagórze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-apat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciapać"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ciapać meaning in All languages combined (30.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze, of weather",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze, of weather",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
  "path": [
    "ciapać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciapać",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (b70b34c and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.